Kawanua International Journal of Multicultural Studies

Multicultural Transformation in Waqf Land Registration: Role of Waqf Pledge Deed Officials in Manado, Indonesia

Hasyim Sofyan Lahilote — 2024-06-30

This study explores the multicultural transformation in waqf land registration in Indonesia, focusing on the role of Waqf Pledge Deed Officials (PPAIWs) in Singkil District, Manado City. Employing a multicultural approach integrated with empirical legal research methods, this study examines how national waqf policies interact with cultural and religious diversity at the local level. Data collection methods include legal document analysis, field observations, and in-depth interviews with PPAIWs, nazhirs, religious leaders from various communities, and government officials. The data were analyzed using a multicultural theoretical framework, emphasizing the concepts of 'interactive multiculturalism' and 'dialogical multiculturalism'. The findings reveal that only 18.9% of waqf lands are certified and 21.6% have Waqf Pledge Deeds, reflecting the challenges in aligning national policies with local multicultural realities. However, the adaptive strategies of PPAIWs in bridging cultural and religious differences demonstrate the potential for multicultural transformation in waqf management. This study proposes a more inclusive model of waqf registration, including cross-cultural outreach programs, flexible legal interpretations, and the utilization of interfaith dialogue. This research contributes to a more nuanced understanding of religious law implementation in pluralistic societies, offering new insights into how waqf policies can be enriched through a multicultural approach to enhance social harmony and administrative effectiveness.

Enhancing Marriage Age Awareness through Comprehensive Sexuality Education: A Multicultural Approach in Rural Aluh-Aluh Besar, Kabupaten Banjar, Indonesia

Sa'adah Sa'adah — 2024-06-30

This research examines the attitudes and perceptions of early marriage within Aluh-aluh Besar Village, South Kalimantan, and evaluates the potential of a multicultural approach in comprehensive sexuality education. The study aims to understand the cultural, emotional, and socio-economic factors that influence early marriage decisions and explore how integrating diverse cultural perspectives can enhance sexual education programs. Using a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and interviews with community members and educators, the research gathers insights into local traditions, the emotional benefits perceived from early marriage, and the role of employment and multiculturalism in shaping these views. Findings indicate that early marriage is deeply rooted in cultural traditions and is often seen as providing emotional stability and protection from perceived risks. Economic stability and multicultural factors also play significant roles in its acceptance. The study highlights the need for culturally sensitive educational programs that address these factors and promote informed decision-making about the appropriate age for marriage. The evaluation underscores the importance of incorporating diverse cultural perspectives to effectively implement comprehensive sexuality education. The findings suggest that socioeconomic, biological, and cultural factors influence the awareness of the appropriate age for marriage, and the lack of such awareness can lead to adverse outcomes. The study concludes that addressing these issues requires a comprehensive approach, including education, legal reforms, and cultural shifts, while also considering the role of personal responsibility in decision-making.

Fostering Religious Moderation in Pesantren: Cultivating Tolerance and Peace through Khilafiyah Fiqh in South Kalimantan’s Multicultural Context

Nadiyah Nadiyah — 2024-06-30

Pesantren, traditional Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia, play a crucial role in fostering religious moderation and promoting tolerance and peace in multicultural contexts. This study explores the teaching of Khilafiyah Fiqh, or jurisprudential disagreement, in Pesantren in South Kalimantan and its impact on cultivating an inclusive and peaceful environment. The concept of khilafiyah, derived from the Islamic legal tradition, reflects the diversity of interpretations of Islamic law and is respected as a sign of dynamism and flexibility. Pesantren teach khilafiyah through various methods, including the recitation of classic Islamic texts, discussion, and debate, which encourage critical thinking and openness to different opinions. The implementation of khilafiyah fiqh in Pesantren involves teaching differences of opinion in various aspects of Islamic practice, such as prayer, zakat, and fasting. Kyai and Pesantren scholars emphasize the importance of respecting different views and avoiding fanaticism. Understanding khilafiyah has a positive impact on supporting religious moderation, as it encourages santri (students) to be inclusive and open to diversity, both within the Muslim community and in interfaith relations. Case studies in South Kalimantan demonstrate the successful application of khilafiyah fiqh in promoting tolerance and peace. However, challenges exist, including internal differences among teachers and santri, resistance to changes in traditional teaching methods, and external resistance from the community and other Islamic organizations. To overcome these challenges, Pesantren employ various approaches, including interfaith and cross-cultural dialogue, which strengthen the understanding of khilafiyah and its role in fostering a harmonious society.

National Holidays and Collective Leave for Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha Within the Framework of Religious Moderation in Indonesia

'Alamul Yaqin — 2024-06-25

This study aims to analyze the dynamics of governing holidays and collective leave for Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, as well as their relationship to the implementation of religious moderation in Indonesia. The complexities associated with recognizing these Islamic celebrations arise from the diverse methods employed by the government, mass organizations, Islamic groups, and Sufi orders to determine the commencement of the Hijri month. A qualitative research approach was adopted, utilizing library research methods. Data were sourced from literature pertaining to governmental decisions on Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, as well as the perspectives of Nahdlatul Ulama, Muhammadiyah, Islam Aboge, and Jamaah Tarekat Naqsabandiyah Padang City. Additionally, literature on religious moderation and its application in Indonesia was examined. Findings indicate that the Indonesian Government, Nahdlatul Ulama, Muhammadiyah, Islamic Aboge, and Jamaah Tarekat Naqsabandiyah employ distinct methodologies for determining the dates of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. The celebrations of these Islamic holidays in Indonesia align with key indicators of religious moderation, including national commitment, tolerance, non-violence, and the embrace of tradition. However, the study concludes that further interventions are necessary to mitigate potential future disputes and enhance the implementation of religious moderation in this context.

Domestic Revolution: Aligning Career and Household with Gender Equality Principles

Riko Erandy — 2024-06-28

This study examines the roles of husbands and wives in achieving gender equality within dual-income families. Three family types are identified based on employment status: (1) employed husband and unemployed wife, (2) both spouses employed, and (3) employed wife and unemployed husband. Focusing on the second category, this research employs a gender-based approach to analyze the dynamics of dual-career households. The findings reveal five key strategies for realizing gender equality in dual-income families: (1) collaborative decision-making processes, (2) application of socialist principles to household income management, (3) implementation of Ta’awun (mutual assistance) in all aspects of domestic life, (4) development of emotional management skills, and (5) reframing household responsibilities as positive contributions rather than burdens. These complementary roles are proposed as effective measures to address various forms of gender inequality within the family unit, including marginalization (role exclusion), subordination (power imbalance), stereotyping (subjective labeling), violence, and the double burden phenomenon. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on gender equality in domestic settings and offers practical strategies for couples navigating the complexities of balancing career and household responsibilities.

Navigating Multicultural Challenges: A Case Study on Children's Rights Neglect in Indonesian Higher Education Major Selection

Hermansyah Hermansyah — 2024-08-12

This study examines the neglect of children's rights in the selection of university majors in Papua, Indonesia, focusing on how cultural factors influence decision-making processes and the implications for students' academic journeys. Using a qualitative case study approach, the research investigates the manifestations of rights neglect in educational environments and their impact on study completion. Data were collected through document analysis, in-depth interviews, and participant observation at higher education institutions in Papua. The findings reveal that neglect of children's rights frequently occurs within family and societal contexts, where academic major choices are often imposed without consideration of the child's interests and talents. Factors influencing major selection include parental pressure, social influence, and incompatible learning models, all of which are affected by the diverse cultural backgrounds present in Papua. The disregard for children's rights in major selection often results in academic difficulties, leading to major changes, extended study periods, and potential social stigma. This study emphasizes the importance of a multicultural approach in higher education that values cultural diversity while protecting individual student rights. The research provides insights for developing more inclusive and culturally responsive educational policies and practices in Indonesia's higher education system.

Integrating Tyler and Banks' Theories in Curriculum Development: A Tracer Study Approach at UIN Sunan Kalijaga

Lindra Darnela — 2024-06-29

Higher education in Indonesia plays a pivotal role in preparing a generation ready for the professional world. The curriculum of the Master's Program in Sharia Science at UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta is integral to this mission. However, this research identifies gaps in the curriculum that do not fully align with alumni needs and job market demands. A field study involving 104 alumni from September 2018 to August 2022 was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method with an empirical approach. Data was collected via a survey sent to alumni and analyzed using Ralph W. Tyler's theory and James A. Banks' multicultural education theory. Findings reveal that courses like Fiqh Studies, Sharia Science, and Islamic Family Law in Indonesia were highly valued and should be further developed. Conversely, courses such as Falak Science and Arabic Text Reading were seen as less relevant and suggested for removal. Additionally, the replacement of the final project with journal publication was criticized. The analysis suggests that the curriculum should evolve to better reflect societal diversity and complexity. The proposed changes emphasize developing relevant courses and revising or eliminating those deemed less beneficial. These recommendations aim to ensure that the Sharia Science Master's Program remains responsive, inclusive, and capable of producing graduates who can compete in the global era.

Navigating Pluralism in Islamic Jurisprudence: A Comparative Analysis of Mut'ah Marriage in Ja'fari and Sunni Schools of Thought

Doni Azhari — 2024-06-27

This study examines the differing views on mut'ah (temporary) marriage between the Ja'fari and Sunni schools of Islamic jurisprudence through a comparative analysis of their legal reasoning methodologies. Employing qualitative research methods including textual analysis of primary sources, historical examination, and comparative legal analysis, the study explores the origins of these divergent interpretations and their implications for contemporary Muslim societies. The findings reveal that differences in scriptural interpretation, hadith authentication, and legal principles contribute to the contrasting positions on mut'ah marriage. While the Ja'fari school considers it permissible based on Quranic verses and certain hadith, Sunni schools generally prohibit it, citing abrogation and potential social harms. The study highlights how these differing views reflect broader patterns of legal pluralism in Islamic jurisprudence and impact contemporary debates on gender, marriage, and religious authority in Muslim communities. By critically evaluating arguments from both traditions, this research contributes to a more nuanced understanding of Islamic legal diversity and its ongoing negotiation in modern contexts.

Pamali and Multiculturalism: Islamic Thought in Preserving the Rights of Cultural Customs in Banjar Society

Ahda Fithriani — 2024-06-26

The research titled "Pamali and Multiculturalism: Islamic Thought in Preserving the Rights of Cultural Customs in Banjar Society" focuses on the role of the Pamali tradition in maintaining cultural diversity and local identity within the Banjar society of South Kalimantan, all within the framework of Islamic thought. The study aims to explore how Pamali can serve as a tool for preserving minority rights and promoting multiculturalism in an Islamic context. Additionally, it seeks to analyze the relevance and effectiveness of the Pamali tradition in addressing the challenges posed by modernization. This research employs a qualitative approach, specifically a case study of the Banjar community. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with community leaders, and analysis of literature related to Pamali and multiculturalism in Islam. The findings reveal that Pamali plays a significant role in preserving local culture and supporting the integration of Islamic values with local traditions. The study confirms that Pamali not only helps maintain the cultural identity of the Banjar people but also promotes inclusive multiculturalism within an Islamic framework. However, the effectiveness of Pamali in preserving multiculturalism faces challenges from the pressures of modernization, which require more structured adaptation and institutional support. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of local traditions in Islamic multiculturalism and offers insights for developing cultural preservation policies in Indonesia.

Islamophobia in Multicultural America: Media Narratives, Challenges, and Muslim Responses

Cora Elly Noviati — 2024-06-30

This research examines the phenomenon of Islamophobia in the context of American multiculturalism, focusing on the interactions between media narratives, civil rights challenges, and Muslim community responses. Employing qualitative methods and literature review, this study analyzes the representation of Islam in media, the impact of policies on Muslim rights, and strategies developed by Muslim organizations to counter discrimination. The findings indicate that media plays a significant role in shaping public perception, often reinforcing negative stereotypes. However, Muslim communities have developed innovative approaches to counter these narratives, including the use of digital media and cross-sectoral collaboration. Civil rights challenges reflect the tension between national security and religious freedom, although there are positive trends in the development of more inclusive legislation in some states. Intercultural dialogue efforts demonstrate potential for reducing prejudice, yet still face challenges in expanding their impact. This research concludes that a multifaceted approach is necessary to address Islamophobia and promote an inclusive multicultural society, involving media reform, policy advocacy, public education, and strengthening intercultural dialogue.