Kawanua International Journal of Multicultural Studies

The Role of a Harmonious Family in Shaping Tolerant Attitudes in a Multicultural Society

Ahmad Zainul Firdaus — 2024-12-28

This study explores the role of harmonious families in shaping attitudes of tolerance within multicultural societies, analyzed through the lens of symbolic interaction theory. In this context, a harmonious family serves as the primary social unit that provides a foundation for individuals to understand and appreciate social, cultural, and religious differences. Using a qualitative research approach based on a literature review, the study examines how symbolic interactions within the family, including open communication and constructive conflict resolution, foster tolerant attitudes toward diversity. The analyzed data indicate that harmonious families can instill values of empathy, fairness, and respect for differences, which are essential in multicultural societies. The study finds that families with open communication patterns and strong emotional support are more likely to produce individuals capable of resolving conflicts peacefully and contributing to inclusive communities. However, the study acknowledges limitations in empirical data and recommends further field research to explore the relationship between harmonious families and the development of tolerance in diverse environments. The findings of this study are expected to provide insights for policymakers and educators in strengthening the role of families in creating tolerant and peaceful societies.

Cultural Integration in Islamic Financial Innovation: Implementation of Istishlahi Principles in Musyarakah Mutanaqishah Contracts in Multicultural Indonesia

Bimo Nugroho — 2024-12-28

This research analyzes the implementation of the istishlahi (public benefit) principle in the DSN-MUI fatwa concerning Musyarakah Mutanaqishah (Diminishing Partnership) and its application within Indonesia's multicultural context. Employing a qualitative approach with content analysis and systematic literature review, this study examines primary sources, including DSN-MUI Fatwa No.73/DSN-MUI/XI/2008, and secondary sources from academic literature spanning 2015-2024. The findings demonstrate that the implementation of the istishlahi principle in the DSN-MUI fatwa successfully integrates nine fundamental principles (al-’adl, al-maslahah, al-yusr, al-barakah, al-yaqin, al-muwazah, al-istiqraar, al-taysir, and al-amanah) within an adaptive regulatory framework. Comparative analysis of implementation across various regions in Indonesia reveals significant variations in success rates and challenges encountered, with key factors including structural and operational adaptations according to local contexts. Case studies in Aceh, East Java, Makassar, and Sorong highlight the importance of integration with local value systems and active community involvement in successful implementation. This research provides theoretical contributions in developing a new understanding of the istishlahi principle's function as a bridge between Shariah compliance and the practical needs of a multicultural society, as well as practical implications for developing more inclusive and adaptive Islamic financial products.

Traditional Wisdom and Modern Methods in Qibla Direction: A Multicultural Study of Sunan Geseng Great Mosque, Indonesia

Muhajir Muhajir — 2024-12-28

The accuracy of the Qibla direction holds paramount importance in Islamic worship practices, particularly in historical mosques where traditional methods intersect with modern calculations. This study examines the case of the Sunan Geseng Great Mosque in Indonesia, established circa 1400 AD, where traditional supernatural methods of Qibla determination converge with contemporary astronomical calculations. This research investigates the historical method of Qibla direction determination and analyzes community perspectives on potential recalibration, examining the balance between preserving historical authenticity and ensuring religious accuracy. This qualitative research employs historical analysis and astronomical approaches. Data collection involved in-depth interviews with six key informants including religious leaders, mosque administrators, and community members, supplemented by astronomical measurements and historical document analysis. Astronomical calculations revealed a 4° 54' 55.5" northward deviation in the mosque's Qibla direction. Historical analysis indicated that the original direction was determined through a supernatural method by Sunan Geseng's teacher. Interview findings revealed three key responses to potential calibration: religious leaders acknowledged the deviation and adjusted prayer rows accordingly; community leaders supported row adjustment without structural changes; and certain community members opposed changes based on ancestral reverence. This study contributes to understanding the dynamics between traditional methods and modern calculations in determining Qibla direction, while providing insights for managing similar cases where religious accuracy intersects with cultural preservation.

Legal System Resilience in Afghanistan: Dynamics of Pluralism and Political Transformation

Nailatul Fadhilah Agusti — 2024-12-28

Afghanistan is a multiethnic country with a complex legal system characterized by intricate interactions between Islamic law, customary law, and modern legal frameworks. This research critically examines the resilience mechanisms of Afghanistan's legal and judicial systems within the context of persistent political uncertainty and societal pluralism. Employing a descriptive qualitative methodology and comprehensive literature review, the study analyzes legal documents, international reports, and academic literature spanning the post-Taliban period from 2001 to the present. The research investigates the dynamic challenges confronting Afghanistan's legal infrastructure, particularly its capacity to integrate diverse normative systems while maintaining institutional legitimacy. Key findings reveal significant complexities in Afghanistan's legal landscape. The system encounters substantial obstacles in harmonizing Islamic legal principles, traditional customary practices, and contemporary legal standards. Family law reforms emerge as a critical focal point, demonstrating progressive attempts to enhance women's rights while simultaneously navigating conservative societal resistance. The research illuminates the intricate interplay between legal pluralism, political transformation, and institutional adaptation. It highlights how Afghanistan's judicial system continuously negotiates between preserving traditional legitimacy, accommodating societal diversity, and meeting international normative standards. The study recommends a comprehensive, nuanced approach to judicial reform that holistically considers cultural diversity, respects traditional values, and aligns with international human rights principles. By exploring the mechanisms of legal resilience in a conflict-affected context, this research contributes valuable insights into understanding adaptive strategies within complex, multi-layered legal systems. The findings provide a critical framework for comprehending how legal institutions can maintain functionality and relevance amid profound political and social transformations.

Islamic Principles of Justice in Cross-Cultural Business Transactions: A Phenomenological Study in Indonesian Multicultural Business Context

Sudana Sudana — 2024-12-28

The principle of justice is a fundamental value in Islamic economics that is relevant to be applied in cross-cultural transactions. However, differences in cultural values and social backgrounds can affect its implementation. This study aims to explore the application of the principle of Islamic justice in cross-cultural transactions in a multicultural society. The study used a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach, while data analysis was carried out using NVivo software. Data were obtained through interviews with cross-cultural business actors and analyzed through thematic coding. The findings show that the principle of justice includes honesty, transparency, and equality in the treatment of all parties, which contribute to the creation of more harmonious and mutually beneficial business relationships. However, its implementation faces challenges in the form of different perceptions of justice, imbalance of information, and the influence of local cultural norms. The flexible and inclusive principle of Islamic justice provides a strong foundation to overcome these challenges and create harmony in cross-cultural transactions.

Comparative Study of Mosque and Church Construction Management in Majority-Minority Religious Communities: Cases from Manado and Gorontalo

Radlyah Hasan Jan — 2024-12-28

Religious diversity in Indonesia presents unique challenges in managing houses of worship construction, particularly in areas where religious groups constitute a minority. This study investigates the management of mosque construction in Manado, a predominantly Christian city, and church construction in Gorontalo, a predominantly Muslim city. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews with key informants including mosque and church committee leaders, religious leaders, and local government officials, as well as through direct observation and documentation analysis. The findings revealed five critical elements in worship house construction management: planning processes, funding sources, organizational structure, implementation strategies, and evaluation mechanisms. The study found that while both cities maintain religious tolerance, management approaches differ significantly between majority and minority contexts. In Manado, mosque construction faced challenges primarily in financial management and internal organizational conflicts, while in Gorontalo, church construction encountered regulatory hurdles despite facing fewer social obstacles. These findings have important implications for religious policy development and interfaith relations in pluralistic societies, suggesting the need for more structured management approaches in worship house construction that consider both technical and socio-religious factors.

The Transformation of Elopement: From Social Stigma to Practical Solution: A Comparative Study of Elopement Practices Among Indonesian Youth

Nurlaila Harun — 2024-12-29

This research examines the transformation of meanings and practices of elopement among Indonesian youth, which has shifted from being a stigma to becoming a pragmatic solution in facing contemporary socio-economic challenges. Through comparative analysis across 18 different regions in Indonesia, this research reveals how elopement has evolved from being traditionally stigmatized to an increasingly accepted alternative for young couples. Utilizing a mixed-method approach combining document analysis, semi-structured interviews with 10 young couples, and comparative regional studies, this research identifies three primary economic drivers: rising costs of traditional weddings (ranging from 20 to 500 million rupiah), pressure to own a house before marriage, and changing financial priorities among youth. The findings indicate that urban youth are actively reinterpreting traditional practices to meet modern demands while maintaining cultural legitimacy. This research documents various regional terms and practices, from merariq in Lombok, which is considered honorable, to silariang in Bugis/Makassar society, which is still viewed as a disgrace. This transformation reflects broader changes in Indonesian society, where pragmatic considerations increasingly take precedence over traditional cultural rules, although elements of traditional practices are often preserved through modified forms that accommodate both cultural heritage and modern realities.

The Role of Women in Islamic Politics: From the Early Period to the Contemporary Era through the Lens of Kimberlé Crenshaw's Intersectionality Perspective

Ihda Shofiyatun Nisa’ — 2024-12-30

This study explores the development of women's roles in Islamic politics from the early Islamic era to the contemporary period using Kimberlé Crenshaw's intersectionality framework. This theory is employed to analyze how Muslim women navigate layered discrimination at the intersection of gender, religion, and other social structures. Data were obtained through literature reviews and analyzed descriptively and analytically. The findings reveal that during the early Islamic period, women like Khadijah and Aisha played strategic roles in the economy, politics, and education. Khadijah provided financial support to Prophet Muhammad, while Aisha made significant contributions to political decision-making and the dissemination of knowledge, such as the Prophet Muhammad’s hadiths. In the contemporary era, the involvement of Muslim women has become increasingly diverse, encompassing formal positions such as heads of state, parliament members, and social activists. For instance, in Indonesia, figures like Megawati Soekarnoputri, Puan Maharani, and Sri Mulyani exemplify inclusive political representation by women. The intersectionality theory reveals that Muslim women face complex discrimination within patriarchal structures but have also leveraged education, technology, and social media to expand their influence. Despite progress, challenges such as resistance to changing gender roles and limited political representation persist. This research contributes by offering a new perspective on gender and Islamic politics, while also providing a foundation for further studies on women's strategies in fostering a more equitable and inclusive society.

Legal and Cultural Analysis of Copyright Law Implementation for Street Musicians in Indonesia

Ardin Bataweya — 2024-12-30

This research examines the implementation of Copyright Law for street musicians in Indonesia, focusing on the intersection between legal protection and cultural practices. The phenomenon of street musicians performing cover songs creates tension between the formal legal framework and the tradition of sharing art in Indonesian culture, as seen in the cases of Tri Suaka and Zinidin Zidan. The research aims to analyze the effectiveness of Law Number 28 of 2014 in addressing copyright infringement while considering cultural practices, and to identify socio-cultural factors that influence legal compliance among street musicians. Using a qualitative approach with socio-legal research design, this study integrates legal analysis and cultural studies through systematic document review and case studies. The findings indicate that the effectiveness of copyright protection is heavily influenced by the complex interrelation between legal requirements and cultural traditions, where current implementation faces challenges in balancing formal compliance with the cultural significance of street performances. This research implies the need for developing a more adaptive legal framework, including special licensing systems and strengthening the role of Collective Management Organizations in supporting legal compliance while preserving culture.

Gender Dynamics and Women's Economic Contributions in The Informal Economy within The Context of Islam and Multicultural Societies

Misbahul Munir Makka — 2024-12-30

In the evolving landscape of global economics, the significant role of women in the informal economy, particularly housewives, remains underexplored. This study examines the gender dynamics and economic contributions of housewives in the informal economy, focusing on the context of Islamic values and multicultural societies in Poigar Village. Using a qualitative approach, this research delves into how housewives balance domestic responsibilities and economic activities, particularly through cake sales, to enhance family well-being. Key findings highlight the motivations driving housewives to engage in informal economic activities, such as economic necessity, skill utilization, and the pursuit of financial independence. Additionally, these activities are shown to significantly improve family income, enhance financial stability, and foster social recognition. From an Islamic perspective, these efforts align with principles of family cooperation, economic empowerment, and spiritual reward. The study underscores the importance of policies that support women in informal economies, such as access to capital, skill training, and social acknowledgment of their contributions. Future research should explore broader and more diverse samples to generalize findings and examine the long-term impacts of women's economic participation in similar contexts.