INTERVENSI ORGANISASI KERJA SAMA ISLAM (OKI) DALAM MERESPONS KONFLIK DAN PEMBANTAIAN MUSLIM DI BOSNIA (1992-1995)

Abstract

Abstrak- Konflik Bosnia (1992-1995) merupakan salah satu tragedi kemanusiaan terkejam di Eropa pasca-Perang Dunia II, yang menewaskan puluhan ribu muslim Bosnia. Pecahnya perang saudara di kawasan Balkan ini dipicu oleh runtuhnya Yugoslavia pada awal 1990-an. Di antara berbagai organisasi multilateral yang merespons konflik tersebut, Organisasi Kerja Sama Islam (OKI) turut mengambil peran melalui intervensi diplomatik, politik, dan kemanusiaan. Sebagian besar kajian akademik cenderung lebih menyoroti peran institusi seperti PBB dan NATO, sementara kontribusi dari dunia Islam seperti OKI, masih minim dikaji secara historis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sejarah intervensi OKI dalam merespons krisis Bosnia dan dampaknya terhadap umat Islam. Metode yang digunakan adalah historical research method (mencakup heuristik, kritik, interpfretasi, dan historiografi), dengan melakukan pencarian dan kemudian analisis terhadap dokumen resmi OKI, laporan internasional, dan kajian literatur akademik. Menggunakan pendekatan literature review (tinjauan pustaka) dengan teori konstruktivisme (peran ide, norma, identitas, dan persepsi) hubungan internasional, yang menekankan peran identitas agama dan solidaritas antarnegara muslim (yang dibentuk oleh norma Islam) memengaruhi sikap OKI terhadap konflik tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa OKI berperan aktif dalam mendorong resolusi internasional, menggalang bantuan kemanusiaan, dan membangun solidaritas antarnegara anggota. Meskipun demikian, efektivitas intervensi OKI terhambat oleh keterbatasan struktur organisasi, perbedaan internal, dan dominasi aktor-aktor Barat dalam penyelesaian konflik. Temuan ini dapat dibuktikan melalui analisis sumber primer, serta rekonstruksi kronologis sejarah intervensi OKI terhadap krisis Bosnia pada periode tersebut.

Kata kunci: OKI, Konflik Bosnia, Muslim, Intervensi internasional.

Abstract- The Bosnian conflict (1992–1995) was one of the most brutal humanitarian tragedies in Europe after World War II, resulting in the deaths of tens of thousands of Bosnian Muslims. The outbreak of civil war in the Balkans was triggered by the collapse of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s. Among the various multilateral organizations that responded to the conflict, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) played a role through diplomatic, political, and humanitarian interventions. Most academic studies tend to focus on the roles of institutions such as the United Nations and NATO, while the contributions of the Islamic world (particularly the OIC) remain underexplored from a historical perspective. This study aims to examine the history of the OIC's interventions in response to the Bosnian crisis and its impact on the Muslim community. The method employed is historical research, encompassing heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography, by collecting and analyzing official OIC documents, international reports, and academic literature. It also adopts a literature review approach within the framework of constructivist international relations theory, which emphasizes the role of ideas, norms, identities, and perceptions (particularly religious identity and solidarity among Muslim-majority countries shaped by Islamic norms) in influencing the OIC’s stance toward the conflict. The findings indicate that the OIC actively promoted international resolutions, mobilized humanitarian aid, and fostered solidarity among member states. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of the OIC’s intervention was hindered by organizational limitations, internal divisions, and the dominance of Western actors in the conflict resolution process. These findings are supported by primary source analysis and a chronological reconstruction of the OIC’s historical interventions during the period of the Bosnian crisis.

Keywords: OIC, Bosnian conflict, Muslims, International interventions.