Manuscript Preparation Guidelines

• The title should be concise, clear, and informative, not exceeding 12 words. It must accurately reflect the issue discussed. The title should not contain uncommon abbreviations. The main idea/title should be stated first, followed by an explanation.

• Author names and institutions: Author names must be accompanied by their affiliated institutions, institutional addresses, and email addresses, without academic titles and/or positions.

• Abstracts must be written in both Indonesian and English. The abstract should be one paragraph (150-250 words) and include background, objectives, research methods, results, conclusions, and keywords (3-5 words).

• The introduction should briefly and sequentially cover the general background and literature review, the main research problem, and research methods. The purpose of the article should be stated at the end of the introduction.

• Discussion (Research Results): This section includes the research findings and their discussion. The results must be supported by sufficient data. The research findings should answer the research questions or hypotheses presented in the introduction. The following components must be discussed: How do your results relate to the initial questions or objectives outlined in the introduction (what/how)? Do you provide a scientific interpretation of each result or finding (why)? Are your results consistent with those reported by other researchers, or are there differences?

• Conclusions must answer the research objectives and findings. Conclusions should not simply repeat the results, discussion, or abstract. It is also recommended to suggest future research and/or indicate ongoing studies.

• References listed in the bibliography should only include sources cited or mentioned in the article. References are to be cited as body notes using the Turabian author-date style and accompanied by a bibliography at the end of the text following the Turabian format.

• Foreign terms that are not yet part of the Indonesian language should be italicized.

Checklist

Submission Preparation: As part of the submission process, authors are requested to ensure their submission complies with all the following items. Submissions that do not adhere to these guidelines may be returned to the author.

• The submission has not been previously published and is not under consideration by another journal (or explanations have been provided in the Comments to the Editor).

• Submission files are in Microsoft Word or RTF document format.

• If available, URLs for references have been provided.

• The text is single-spaced; uses 12-point font; foreign words are italicized rather than underlined (except with URLs); and all illustrations, figures, and tables are placed within the text at appropriate points, not at the end.

• The text complies with the formatting requirements outlined in the Author Guidelines.